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The transition metals are known for their ability to form complex ions and colored compounds.Įlements can also be grouped into families or groups based on their chemical properties. For example, the alkali metals are highly reactive, while the noble gases are chemically unreactive. These elements have a valence electron in the f-orbital.Įach element has unique chemical properties that are determined by its electronic structure. These elements include the lanthanoids and actinoids. The f-block elements, which are the elements in the last two rows of the periodic table. These elements have a valence electron in the d-orbital. These elements include the transition metals (such as iron and copper). The d-block elements, which are the elements in the middle 10 rows of the periodic table. These elements have a valence electron in the p-orbital. These elements include the nonmetals (such as hydrogen and carbon), the metalloids (such as silicon and boron), and the transition metals (such as titanium and chromium). The p-block elements, which are the elements in the last six rows of the periodic table. These elements have a valence electron in the s-orbital. These elements include the alkali metals (such as lithium and sodium) and the alkaline earth metals (such as beryllium and magnesium). The s-block elements, which are the elements in the first two rows of the periodic table. Each element is defined by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus, which is also known as its atomic number.Īll of the elements can be classified into one of four categories based on their electronic structure: The chemical elements of the periodic table are the building blocks of matter.

These atoms have different possible forms: isotopes (same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons).Ītomic number : number of protons and electrons of the elementĪtomic symbol : universal representation of the element Set of atoms characterized by a defined number of protons in their nucleus. The periodic table classifies all chemical elements according to their atomic number and chemical properties. The Periodic Table of Elements (or Mendeleev's Table) was designed in 1869 by Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev.